APPENDIX K

Wellhead Protection

1991 Public Education and Information Meetings

1. Please name the county in which you reside __________________________________________________________

2. Do you reside inside the city limits?
   YES NO

   If you answered yes to this question, please name the town/city in which you reside:
   ____________________________________________________________________________

3. Please indicate the type of water supply from which you currently derive your drinking water:

            Individual private well
            Municipal (city) water supply
            Non-municipal (water and sewer district, subdivision, trailer park) water supply
            Unknown
            Other (please list):                                                                 
   

4. Do you feel that your community drinking water supply is in danger of contamination from
   1. Existing groundwater contamination YES NO
   2. Future groundwater contamination YES NO

5. Please indicate the source(s) of groundwater contamination which you believe have the potential to contaminate community drinking water sources (aquifers) and/or supplies (wells).

   _____ Point sources (i.e., underground storage tanks, above ground storage tanks, municipal landfills, hazardous waste sites, septic tanks and drain fields, leaky sewer lines, abandoned wells, feedlots)
   _____ Non-point sources (i.e., land application of waste, pesticide and fertilizer application, mining activities, construction activities, road salting)

6. Do you feel that your community should protect its public drinking water supply wells and/or aquifers from potentially hazardous or toxic contamination?
   YES NO

7. Do you feel that your community needs to protect its drinking water supply wells and/or aquifers from potentially hazardous or toxic contamination?
   YES NO

8. Should a Wellhead Protection Program be established in your community?
   YES NO

9. Given the importance of groundwater supplies for drinking water, should the State impose the implementation of a Wellhead Protection Program if communities do not wish to participate?
   YES NO

   If you answered yes to this question, please indicate which community(ies) should be required to participate.
   _____ My community
   _____ All communities
   _____ Only communities with contaminated public drinking water wells
   _____ The state should not impose a Wellhead Protection Program on any community

10. For those communities that want a Wellhead Protection Program, should the State assist them in developing Wellhead Protection Programs?
    YES NO

    If you answered yes to this question, please indicate the form(s) of assistance they should receive.
    _____ Technical assistance
    _____ Financial assistance
    _____ Education/information aids (fact sheets, guidance documents, etc.)
    _____ Other (please list): __________________________________________________

11. If technical assistance is requested, additional State funding would be necessary to provide technical staff to handle the increased work load. Would you support the use of additional State funding for technical staff?
    YES NO

12. Of those listed below, who should pay the costs associated with implementing a Wellhead Protection Program in those communities that want such a program?

    _____ The water user
    _____ The local city/county government
    _____ The State

13. In many instances, funding for treatment or replacement of contaminated drinking water supplies is inadequate or unavailable. At what level of government should new funding be developed to provide for treatment or replacement of contaminated drinking water supply(ies)?

    _____ The municipal water user should provide for treatment, or an alternative source of safe drinking water
    _____ The local city /county government should provide for treatment, or an alternative source of safe drinking water
    _____ The State should provide for treatment, or an alternative source of safe drinking water
    _____ Other (please list): __________________________________________________________

14. In many instances, funding for investigation and clean-up of groundwater contamination is inadequate or unavailable. If your community’s drinking water supply well(s) and/or aquifer is contaminated by hazardous or toxic pollution, who should be responsible for paying to restore (clean-up) the groundwater?

    _____ The person(s) responsible should pay for restoration of the aquifer’s water to its natural quality
    _____ The municipal water user should pay for restoration of the aquifer’s water to its natural quality
    _____ The local city /county government should pay for restoration of the aquifer’s water to its natural quality
    _____ The State should pay for restoration of the aquifer’s water to its natural quality
    _____ Other (please list): __________________________________________________________

15. Which of the following management approaches seem reasonable to implement for protection of drinking water aquifers and wells?

    _____ REGULATORY

    _____ Permit programs
    _____ Enforcement
    _____ Zoning ordinances
    

    _____ Land use control (to protect future well sites)
    _____ Performance controls
    _____ Operating controls

    _____ NON-REGULATORY

    _____ Best Management Practices (BMP’s)
    _____ Public education
    _____ Planning
    _____ Land acquisition
    _____ Capital improvements
    _____ Environmental audits
    _____ Household hazardous waste collection
    _____ Abandon wells (which have been improperly constructed)
    

16. Who should do the delineations for the Wellhead Protection Areas in the community?

    _____ The public water systems operator
    _____ The local city/county government
    _____ The State
    _____ Other (please list): ____________________________________________________

17. Who should pay for the delineations of the Wellhead Protection Areas?

    _____ The water user
    _____ The local city/county government
    _____ The State
    _____ Other (please list): ____________________________________________________

18. Who should perform the contaminant source inventory in the community?

    _____ The public water systems operator
    _____ The local city/county government
    _____ The State
    _____ Other (please list): ____________________________________________________

19. Who should pay for the contaminant source inventory in the community?
_____ The water user
_____ The local city/county government
_____ The State
_____ Other (please list): ____________________________________________________

Additional Comments

________________________________________________________________________________

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Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. Results from this survey will be available form the Department of Environmental Quality’s Water Quality Division at a future date.

Results from the Wellhead Protection Survey

1. Questionnaire responses by county of residence:

   Natrona	17		Big Horn	4
   Teton	12		Crook	3
   Fremont	10		Hot Springs	3
   Park	8		Lincoln	3
   Platte	8		Niobrara	3
   Carbon	7		Sweetwater	3
   Washakie	7		Albany	2
   Uinta	6		Laramie	2
   Converse	5		Sublette	1
   Goshen	5		Weston	1

2. Residence is or is not within city limits:

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	60	56.6
   (N)	46	43.4
   Total	106	100.0

   City/Town of Residence:

   Casper	12		Edgerton	1
   Powell	5		Gillette	1
   Rawlins	5		Glendo	1
   Glenrock	4		Jeffery City	1
   Jackson	4		Laramie	1
   Evanston	3		Lusk	1
   Riverton	3		Medicine Bow	1
   Wheatland	3		Newcastle	1
   Worland	3		Opal	1
   Cody	2		Sundance	1
   Shoshoni	2		Thermopolis	1
   Torrington	2		Wright	1
   Cheyenne	1		Yoder	1
   Chugwater	1

3. Type of water supply from which you currently derive your drinking water:

   	Number	Percent
   Individual private well	30	26.5
   Municpal (city) water supply	72	63.7
   Non-municipal (water and sewer district subdivision trailer park) water supply	8	7.1
   Unknown	0	0.0
   Other	3	2.7
   Total	113	100.0

4. Do you feel that your community drinking water supply is in danger of contamination from
   1. Existing groundwater contamination

      	Number	Percent
      (Y)	38	40.4
      (N)	56	59.6
      Total	94	100.0

   2. Future groundwater contamination

      	Number	Percent
      (Y)	61	68.5
      (N)	28	31.5
      Total	89	100.0

5. Source(s) of groundwater contamination which you believe have the potential to contaminate community drinking water sources (aquifers) and/or supplies (wells):

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	71	49.3
   (N)	73	50.7
   Total	144	100.0

6. Community should protect its public drinking water supply wells and/or aquifers from potentially hazardous or toxic contamination:

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	106	100.0
   (N)	0	0.0
   Total	106	100.0

7. Community needs to protect its drinking water supply wells and/or aquifers from potentially hazardous or toxic contamination:

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	97	97.0
   (N)	3	3.0
   Total	100	100.0

8. A Wellhead Protection Program should be established in your community:

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	92	90.2
   (N)	10	9.8
   Total	102	100.0

9. State should impose a Wellhead Protection Program even if communities do not wish to participate:

   	Number	Percent
   (Y)	80	76.9
   (N)	24	23.1
   Total	104	100.0

   If yes, communities that should be required to participate are:

   	Number	Percent
   My community	3	3.8
   All communities	69	86.4
   Only communities with contaminated public drinking water wells	7	8.8
   The state should not impose a Wellhead Protection Program on any community	4	5.0
   Total	83	100.0

10. The State should assist those communities who want to develop a Wellhead Protection Programs:

    	Number	Percent
    (Y)	103	98.1
    (N)	2	1.9
    Total	105	100.0

    If yes, the form(s) of assistance received:

    	Number	Percent
    Technical assistance	92	89.3
    Financial assistance	75	72.8
    Education/information aids	95	92.2
    Other	5	4.9
    Total	267	259.2

11. Do you support the use of additional State funding for technical staff for the Wellhead Protection Program:

    	Number	Percent
    (Y)	95	93.1
    (N)	7	6.9
    Total	102	100.0

12. Who should pay the costs associated with implementing a Wellhead Protection Program for those communities who want the program:

    	Number	Percent
    The water user	56	32.4
    The local city/county government	63	36.4
    The State	54	31.2
    Total	173	100.0

13. Level of government that should develop new funding to provide for treatment of contaminated drinking water supply(ies):

    	Number	Percent
    The municipal water user	35	21.4
    The local city/county government	57	35.1
    The State	49	30.1
    Other	22	13.4
    Total	163	100.0

14. If the groundwater supply becomes or is contaminated, the responsible party to provide funds to restore (clean-up) the groundwater supply should be:

    	Number	Percent
    The person(s) responsible	80	45.1
    The municipal water user	19	11.0
    The local city/county government	23	13.0
    The State	33	18.5
    Other	22	12.4
    Total	177	100.0

15. Reasonable management approaches to implement for protection of drinking water aquifers and wells:

    REGULATORY	Number	Percent
    Permit programs	64	37.8
    Enforcement	43	25.5
    Zoning ordinances	62	36.7
    Total	169	100.0
    Zoning ordinances	Number	Percent
    Land use control	54	87.1
    Performance controls	36	58.1
    Operating controls	34	54.8
    Total	124	200.0
    NON-REGULATORY	Number	Percent
    Best Management Practices (BMP's)	70	17.0
    Public education	80	19.4
    Planning	66	16.0
    Land acquisition	30	7.3
    Capital improvements	30	7.3
    Environmental audits	41	9.9
    Household hazardous waste collection	50	12.1
    Abandon wells (which have been improperly constructed)	45	11.0
    Total	412	100.0

16. Person responsible for doing the Wellhead delineations for the Wellhead Protection Areas in the community:

    	Number	Percent
    The public water systems operator	31	22.8
    The local city/county government	59	43.4
    The State	34	25.0
    Other	12	8.8
    Total	136	100.0

17. Person responsible to pay for the delineations:

	Number	Percent
The water user	50	31.3
The local city/county government	64	40.0
The State	37	23.1
Other	9	5.6
Total	160	100.0

18. Person responsible to perform the contaminant source inventory in the community?

    	Number	Percent
    The water user	35	23.0
    The local city/county government	73	48.0
    The State	36	23.7
    Other	8	5.3
    Total	152	100.0

19. Person responsible to pay for the contaminant source inventory in the community?

    	Number	Percent
    The water user	22	15.2
    The local city/county government	70	48.3
    The State	44	30.3
    Other	9	6.2
    Total	145	100.0

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    Wellhead Protection Program Guidance Document Contents
    Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality

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