Appendix D

Potential Sources of Contaminants

Commercial
Airports
Automobile repair shops
Boat yards
Construction areas
Car washes
Cemeteries
Dry Cleaning Establishments
Educational institutions (e.g., labs, lawns, chemical storage areas)
Gas stations
Golf courses (chemical application)
Jewelry and metal plating
Laundromats
Material transports (trucks and railroads)
Medical institutions
Paint shops
Photography establishments/printers
Railroad tracks and yards/maintenance facilities
Research laboratories
Stormwater drains, retention basins
Road deicing operations (e.g. road salt)
Road maintenance depots
Scrap and junkyards
Storage tanks and pipes (above-ground, below-ground, underground)

Industrial
Asphalt plants
Automobile service station disposal wells
Chemical manufacture, warehousing, and distribution activities
Construction excavations
Detonation Sites
Electrical and electronic products and manufacturing
Electroplaters and metal fabricators Foundries
Industrial process water disposal wells
Machine and metalworking shops
Manufacturing and distribution sites for cleaning supplies
Mineral extraction disposal wells
Mining (surface and underground) and mine drainage and waste piles
Oil and gas disposal wells
Petroleum product production, storage, and distribution centers
Pipelines (e.g. oil, gas, slurry)
Radioactive disposal sites
Septage lagoons and sludge
Storage tanks (above ground and underground)
Toxic and hazardous spills
Wastewater disposal wells
Wells - operating and abandoned (e.g. oil, gas, water supply, injection, monitoring, and exploration)
Wood preserving facilities

Residential
Fuel storage systems
Furniture and wood strippers
Household hazardous
Household lawns (chemical
Septic systems, cesspools
Sewer lines
Swimming pools (e.g. chlorine)

Waste Management
Fire training facilities
Hazardous waste management units (e.g. landfills, land treatment areas, surface impoundments, waste piles, incinerators, and treatment tanks
Municipal incinerators
Municipal landfills
Municipal wastewater
Open burning sites
Recycling and reduction

Agricultural
Animal burial areas
Agricultural drainage
Animal feedlots (operating and abandoned)
Chemical application areas (for pesticides and fertilizers)
Chemical storage areas
Irrigation
Manure spreading and storage areas

Chemicals and Products Often Associated With Potential Contaminant Sources

SOURCE HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL, OR AESTHETIC CONTAMINANT1,2,3
NATURALLY OCCURRING SOURCES
Rocks and soils (0001) Aesthetic Contaminants: Iron and iron bacteria; manganese; calcium and magnesium (hardness)
Health and Environmental Contaminants: Arsenic; asbestos; metals; chlorides (fluorides, sulfates); sulfate-reducing bacteria; other microorganisms
Water (0002) Excessive sodium; bacteria; viruses; low pH (acid) water
Decaying organic matter, Bacteria (0003)
Geological radioactive gas (0004) Radionuclides (radon, etc.)
Natural hydrogeological events and formations (0005) Salt-water/brackish water intrusion (or intrusion of other poor quality water); contamination by a variety of substances through sink-hole infiltration in limestone terrains
AGRICULTURAL SOURCES (K)5
Animal feedlots (0006) and burial areas (0007) Livestock sewage wastes; nitrates; phosphates; chloride; chemical sprays and dips for controlling insect, bacterial, viral, and fungal pests on livestock; coliform6 and noncoliform bacteria; viruses
Manure spreading areas (0008) and storage pits (0009) Livestock sewage wastes; nitrates
Livestock waste disposal areas (0010) Livestock sewage wastes; nitrates
Crop areas and irrigation sites (0011) Pesticides;7 fertilizers;8 gasoline and motor oils from chemical applicators
Chemical storage areas and containers (0012) Pesticide7 and fertilizer8 residues
Farm machinery areas (0013) Automotive wastes;9 welding wastes
Agricultural drainage wells (0014) and canals (0015) Pesticides;7 fertilizers;8 bacteria; salt water (in areas where the fresh-saltwater interface lies at shallow depths and where the water table is lowered by channelization, pumping, or other causes)
RESIDENTIAL SOURCES (D)
Common household maintenance and hobbies (0016)

Common Household Products:10 Household cleaners; oven cleaners; drain cleaners; toilet cleaners; disinfectants; metal polishes; jewelry cleaners; shoe polishes; synthetic detergents; bleach; laundry soil and stain removers; spot removers and dry cleaning fluid; solvents; lye or caustic soda; household pesticides;11; photochemicals; printing ink; other common products;

Wall and Furniture Treatments: Paints; varnishes; stains; dyes; wood preservatives (creosote); paint and lacquer thinners; paint and varnish removers and deglossers; paint brush cleaners; floor and furniture strippers;

Mechanical Repair and Other Maintenance Products: Automotive wastes;9 waste oil; diesel fuel; kerosene; #2 heating oil; grease; degreasers for driveways and garages; metal degreasers; asphalt and roofing tar; tar removers; lubricants; rustproofers; car wash detergents; car waxes and polishes; rock salt; refrigerants

Lawns and gardens (0017) Fertilizers;7 herbicides and other pesticides used for lawn and garden maintenance12
Swimming pools (0018) Swimming pool maintenance chemicals13
Septic systems (0019), cesspools (0020), and sewer lines (0021) Septage; coliform and noncoliform bacteria;6 viruses; nitrates; heavy metals; synthetic detergents; cooking and motor oils; bleach; pesticides;11, 12 paints; paint thinner; photographic chemicals; swimming pool chemicals;11 septic tank/cesspool cleaner chemicals;14 elevated levels of chloride, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphate
Underground storage tanks (0022) Home heating oil
Apartments and condominiums (0023) Swimming pool maintenance chemicals;13 pesticides for lawn and garden maintenance and cockroach, termite, ant, rodent, and other pest control;11,12 wastes from on-site sewage treatment plants; household hazardous wastes10
GOVERNMENT SOURCES (E)
Schools (0024) and government offices and grounds (0025) Solvents; pesticides;11,12 acids; alkalis; waste oils; machinery/vehicle servicing wastes; gasoline and heating oil from storage tanks; general building wastes15
Park lands (0026) Fertilizers;8 herbicides;12 insecticides11
Public and residential areas infested with mosquitoes, gypsy moths, ticks, ants, or other pests (0027) Pesticides7,11
Highways, road maintenance depots, and deicing operations (0028) Herbicides in highway rights-of-way;7,12 road salt (sodium and calcium chloride); road salt anticaking additives (ferric ferrocyanide, sodium ferrocyanide); road salt anticorrosives (phosphate and chromate); automotive wastes9
Municipal sewage treatment plants and sewer lines (0029) Municipal wastewater; sludge;16 treatment chemicals17
Storage, treatment, and disposal ponds, lagoons, and other surface impoundments (0030) Sewage wastewater; nitrates; other liquid wastes; microbiological contaminants
Land areas applied with wastewater or wastewater byproducts (0031) Organic matter; nitrate; inorganic salts; heavy metals; coliform and noncoliform bacteria;6 viruses; nitrates; sludge;16 nonhazardous wastes18
Storm water drains and basins (0032) Urban runoff; gasoline; oil; other petroleum products; road salt; microbiological contaminants
Combined sewer overflows (municipal sewers and stormwater drains) (0033) Municipal wastewater; sludge;16 treatment chemicals;17 urban runoff; gasoline; oil; other petroleum products; road salt; microbial contaminants
Recycling/reduction facilities (0034) Residential and commercial solid waste residues
Municipal waste landfills (0035) Leachate; organic and inorganic chemical contaminants; wastes from households10 and businesses;15 nitrates; oils; metals
Open dumping and burning sites (0036), closed dumps (0037) Organic and inorganic chemicals; metals; oils; wastes from households10 and businesses15
Municipal incinerators (0038) Heavy metals; hydrocarbons; formaldehyde; methane; ethane; ethylene; acetylene; sulfur and nitrogen compounds
Water supply wells, monitoring wells, older wells, domestic and livestock wells (0039), unsealed and abandoned wells (0040), and test hole/wells (0041) Surface runoff; effluents from barnyards, feedlots, septic tanks, or cesspools; gasoline; used motor oil; road salt
Sumps and dry wells (0042) Storm water runoff; spilled liquids; used oil; antifreeze; gasoline; other petroleum products; road salt; pesticides;7 and a wide variety of other substances
Drainage wells (0043) Pesticides;11,12 bacteria
Well pumping that causes interaquifer leakage, induced filtration, landward migration of sea water in coastal areas; etc. (0044) Saltwater; excessively mineralized water
Artificial ground-water recharge (0045) Storm water runoff; excess irrigation water; stream flow; cooling water; treated sewage effluent; other substances that may contain contaminants, such as nitrates, metals, detergents, synthetic organic compounds, bacteria, and viruses
COMMERCIAL SOURCES (C)
Airports (0046), abandoned airfields (0047) Jet fuels; deicers; diesel fuel; chlorinated solvents; automotive wastes;9 heating oil; building wastes15
Auto repair shops (0048) Waste oils; solvents; acids; paints; automotive wastes;9 miscellaneous cutting oils
Barber and beauty shops (0049) Perm solutions; dyes; miscellaneous chemicals contained in hair rinses
Boat yards and marinas (0050) Diesel fuels; oil; septage from boat waste disposal areas; wood preservative and treatment chemicals; paints; waxes; varnishes; automotive wastes9
Bowling alleys (0051) Epoxy; urethane-based floor finish
Car dealerships (especially those with service depts.) (0052) Automotive wastes;9 waste oils; solvents; miscellaneous wastes
Car washes (0053) Soaps; detergents; waxes; miscellaneous chemicals
Camp grounds (0054) Septage; gasoline; diesel fuel from boats; pesticides for controlling mosquitoes, ants, ticks, gypsy moths, and other pests;7,11 household hazardous wastes from recreational vehicles (RVs)10
Carpet stores (0055) Glues and other adhesives; fuel from storage tanks if forklifts are used
Cemeteries (0056) Leachate; lawn and garden maintenance chemicals12
Construction trade areas and materials (plumbing, heating and air conditioning, painting, paper hanging, decorating, drywall and plastering, acoustical insulation, carpentry, flooring, roofing and sheet metal, wrecking and demolition, etc.) (0057) Solvents; asbestos; paints; glues and other adhesives; waste insulation; lacquers; tars; sealants; epoxy waste; miscellaneous chemical wastes
Country clubs (0058) Fertilizers;8 herbicides;7,12 pesticides for controlling mosquitoes, ticks, ants, gypsy moths, and other pests;11 swimming pools chemicals;13 automotive wastes
Dry cleaners (0059) Solvents (perchloroethylene, petroleum solvents, Freon); spotting chemicals (trichloroethane, methylchloroform, ammonia, peroxides, hydrochloric acid, rust removers, amyl acetate)
Funeral services and crematories (0060) Formaldehyde; wetting agents; fumigants; solvents
Furniture repair and finishing shops (0061) Paints; solvents; degreasing and solvent recovery sludges
Gasoline services stations (0062) Oils; solvents; miscellaneous wastes
Golf courses (0058) Fertilizers;8 herbicides;7,12 pesticides for controlling mosquitoes, ticks, ants, gypsy moths, and other pests
Hardware/lumber/parts stores (0063) Hazardous chemical products in inventories; heating oil and fork lift fuel from storage tanks; wood-staining and treating products such as creosote
Heating oil companies, underground/above ground storage tanks (0064) Heating oil; wastes from truck maintenance areas9
Horticultural practices, garden nurseries, florists (0065) Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other pesticides12
Jewelry/metal plating shops (0066) Sodium and hydrogen cyanide; metallic salts; hydrochloric acid; sulfuric acid; chromic acid
Laundromats (0067) Detergents; bleaches; fabric dyes
Medical institutions (0068) X-ray developers and fixers;19 infectious wastes; radiological wastes; biological wastes; disinfectants; asbestos; beryllium; dental acids; miscellaneous chemicals
Office buildings and office complexes (0069) Building wastes;15 lawn and garden maintenance chemicals;12 gasoline; motor oil
Paint stores (0070) Paints; paint thinners; lacquers; varnishes; other wood treatments
Pharmacies (0071) Spilled and returned products
Photography shops, photo processing laboratories (0072) Biosludges; silver sludges; cyanides; miscellaneous sludge
Print shops (0073) Solvents; inks; dyes; oils; photographic chemicals
Railroad tracks and yards (0074) Diesel fuel; herbicides for rights-of-way; creosote for preserving wood ties
Research laboratories (0075) X-ray developers and fixers;19 infectious wastes; radiological wastes; biological wastes; disinfectants; asbestos; beryllium; solvents; infectious materials; drugs; disinfectants (quaternary ammonia, hexachlorophene, peroxides, chlornexade; bleach); miscellaneous chemicals
Scrap and junk yards (0076) Any wastes from businesses15 and households;10 oils
Sports and hobby shops (0077) Gunpowder and ammunition; rocket engine fuel; model airplane glue
Aboveground and underground storage tanks (0078) Heating oil; diesel fuel; gasoline; other petroleum products; other commercially used chemicals
Transportation services for passenger transit (local and interurban) (0079) Waste oil; solvents; gasoline and diesel fuel from vehicles and storage tanks; fuel oil; other automotive wastes9
Veterinary services (0080) Solvents; infectious materials; vaccines; drugs; disinfectants (quaternary ammonia, hexachlorophene, peroxides, chlornexade, bleach); x-ray developers and fixers19
INDUSTRIAL SOURCES (B)
Material stockpiles (coal, metallic ores, phosphates, gypsum) (0081) Acid drainage; other hazardous and nonhazardous wastes18
Waste tailing ponds (commonly for the disposal of mining wastes) (0082) Acids; metals; dissolved solids; radioactive ores; other hazardous and nonhazardous wastes17
Transport and transfer stations (trucking terminals and rail yards) (0083) Fuel tanks; repair shop wastes;9 other hazardous and nonhazardous wastes17
Aboveground and underground storage tanks and containers (0084) Heating oil; diesel and gasoline fuel; other petroleum products; hazardous and nonhazardous materials and wastes18
Storage, treatment, and disposal ponds, lagoons, and other surface impoundments (0085) Hazardous and nonhazardous liquid wastes;18 septage; sludge16
Chemical landfills (0086) Leachate; hazardous and nonhazardous wastes;18 nitrates
Radioactive waste disposal sites (0087) Radioactive wastes from medical facilities, power plants, and defense operations; radionuclides (uranium, plutonium)
Unattended wet and dry excavation sites (unregulated dumps) (0088) A wide range of substances; solid and liquid wastes; oil-field brines; spent acids from steel mill operations; snow removal piles containing large amounts of salt
Operating and abandoned production and exploratory wells (for gas, oil, coal, geothermal, and heat recovery); test hole wells; monitoring and excavation wells (0089) Metals; acids; minerals; sulfides; other sulfides; other hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals18
Dry wells (0090) Saline water from wells pumped to keep them dry
Injection wells (0091) Highly toxic wastes; hazardous and nonhazardous industrial wastes;18 oil-field brines
Well drilling operations (0092) Brines associated with oil and gas operations
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (B) (PRESENTLY OPERATED OR TORN-DOWN FACILITIES)20
Asphalt plants (0093) Petroleum derivatives
Communications equipment manufacturers (0094) Nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acid wastes; heavy metal sludges; copper-contaminated etchant (e.g., ammonium persulfate); cutting oil and degreasing solvent (trichloroethane, Freon, or trichloroethylene); waste oils; corrosive soldering flux; paint sludge; waste plating solution
Electric and electronic equipment manufacturers and storage facilities (0095) Cyanides; metal sludges; caustics (chromic acid); solvents; oils; alkalis; acids; paints and paint sludges; calcium fluoride sludges; methylene chloride; perchloroethylene; trichloroethane; acetone; methanol; toluene; PCBs
Electroplaters (0096) Boric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and sulfuric acids; sodium and potassium hydroxide; chromic acid; sodium and hydrogen cyanide; metallic salts
Foundries and metal fabricators (0097) Paint wastes; acids; heavy metals; metal sludges; plating wastes; oils; solvents; explosive wastes
Furniture and fixtures manufacturers (0098) Paints; solvents; degreasing sludges; solvent recovery sludges
Machine and metalworking shops (0100) Solvents; metals; miscellaneous organics; sludges; oily metal shavings; lubricant and cutting oils; degreasers (TCE); metal marking fluids; mold-release agents
Mining operations (surface and underground) (0101) Mine spoils or tailings that often contain metals; acids; highly corrosive mineralized waters; metal sulfides
Unsealed abandoned mines used as waste pits (0102) Metals; acids; minerals; sulfides; other hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals18
Paper mills (0103) Metals; acids; minerals; sulfides; other hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals;18 organic sludges; sodium hydroxide; chlorine; hypochlorite; chlorine dioxide; hydrogen peroxide
Petroleum production and storage companies, secondary recovery of petroleum (0104) Hydrocarbons; oil-field brines (highly mineralized salt solutions)
Industrial pipeline (0105) Corrosive fluids; hydrocarbons; other hazardous and nonhazardous materials and wastes18
Photo processing laboratories (0106) Cyanides; biosludges; silver sludges; miscellaneous sludges
Plastics materials and synthetics producers (0107) Solvents; oils; miscellaneous organics and inorganics (phenols, resins); paint wastes; cyanides; acids; alkalis; wastewater treatment sludges; cellulose esters; surfactant; glycols; phenols; formaldehyde; peroxides; etc.
Primary metal industries (blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills) (0108) Heavy metal wastewater treatment sludge; picking liquor; waste oil; ammonia scrubber liquor; acid tar sludge; alkaline cleaners; degreasing solvents; slat; metal dust
Publishers, printers, and allied industries (0109) Solvents; inks; dyes; oils; miscellaneous organics; photographic chemicals
Public utilities (phone, electric power, gas) (0110) PCBs from transformers and capacitors; oils; solvents; sludges; acid solution; metal plating solutions (chromium, nickel, cadmium); herbicides from utility rights-of-way
Sawmills and planers (0111) and gluing wastes Treated wood residue (copper quinolate, mercury, sodium bazide); tanner gas; paint sludges; solvents; creosote; coating
Stone, clay, and glass manufacturers (0112) Solvents; oils and grease; alkalis; acetic wastes; asbestos; heavy metal sludges; phenolic solids or sludges; metal-finishing sludge
Welders (0113) Oxygen, acetylene
Wood preserving facilities (0114) Wood preservatives; creosote

1In general, ground-water contamination stems from the misuse and improper disposal of liquid and solid wastes; the illegal dumping or abandonment of household, commercial, or industrial chemicals; the accidental spilling of chemicals from trucks, railways, aircraft, handling facilities, and storage tanks; or the improper siting, design, construction, operation, or maintenance of agricultural, residential, municipal, commercial, and industrial drinking water wells and liquid and solid waste disposal facilities. Contaminants also can stem from atmospheric pollutants, such as airborne sulfur and nitrogen compounds, which are created by smoke, flue dust, aerosols, and automobile emissions, fall as acid rain, and percolate through the soil. When the sources listed on this table are used and managed properly, ground-water contamination is not likely to occur.

2Contaminants can reach ground water from activities occurring on the land surface, such as industrial waste storage; from sources below the land surface but above the water table, such as septic systems; from structures beneath the water table, such as wells; or from contaminated recharge water.

3This table lists most common wastes, but not all potential wastes. For example, it is not possible to list all potential contaminants contained in storm water runoff or research laboratory wastes.

4Contaminant Source Code Number for Form III-1 (Source Identification Form).

5Facility Type Code Number for Form III-1 (Source Identification Form).

6Coliform bacteria can indicate the presence of pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms that may be transmitted in human feces. Diseases such as typhoid fever, hepatitis, diarrhea, and dysentery can result from sewage contamination of water supplies.

7Pesticides include herbicides, insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, and avicides; many are highly toxic and quite mobile in the subsurface. An EPA survey found that the most common pesticides found in drinking water wells were DCPA (dacthal) and atrazine (EPA, 1990b), which EPA classifies as moderately toxic (class 3) and slightly toxic (class 4) materials, respectively (Meister Publishing Company, 1991).

8The EPA National Pesticides Survey (EPA, 1991) found that the use of fertilizers correlates to nitrate contamination of ground-water supplies.

9Automotive wastes can include gasoline; antifreeze; automatic transmission fluid; battery acid; engine and radiator flushes; engine and metal degreasers; hydraulic (brake) fluid; and motor oils.

10Toxic or hazardous components of common household products are noted on the attached table (EPA 1990c).

11Common household pesticides for controlling pests such as ants, termites, bees, wasps, flies, cockroaches, silverfish, mites, ticks, fleas, worms, rats, and mice can contain active ingredients including naphthalene, phosphorus, xylene, chloroform, heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, arsenic, strychnine, kerosene, nitrosamines, and dioxin.

12Common pesticides used for lawn and garden maintenance (i.e., weed killers, and mite, grub, and aphid controls) include such chemicals as 2,4-D; chlorpyrifos; diazinon; benomyl; captan; dicofol; and methoxychlor.

13Swimming pool chemicals can contain free and combined chlorine; bromine; iodine; mercury-based, copper-based, and quaternary algaecides; cyanuric acid; calcium or sodium hypochlorite; muriatic acid; sodium carbonate.

14Septic tank/cesspool cleaners include synthetic organic chemicals such as 1,1,1 trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and methylene chloride.

15Common wastes from public and commercial buildings include automotive wastes (see above definition); rock salt; and residues from cleaning products that may contain chemicals such as xylenols, glycol esters, isopropanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, sulfonates, chlorinated phenols, and cresols.

16Municipal wastewater treatment sludge can contain organic matter; nitrates; inorganic salts; heavy metals; coliform and noncoliform bacteria (see above definition); and viruses.

17Municipal wastewater treatment chemicals include calcium oxide; alum; activated alum, carbon, and silica; polymers; ion exchange resins; sodium hydroxide; chlorine; ozone; and corrosion inhibitors.

18The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines a hazardous waste as a solid waste that may cause an increase in mortality or serious illness or pose a substantial threat to human health and the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. A waste is hazardous if it exhibits characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and/or toxicity. Not covered by RCRA regulations are domestic sewage; irrigation waters or industrial discharges allowed by the Clean Water Act; certain nuclear and mining wastes; household wastes; agricultural wastes (excluding some pesticides); and small quantity hazardous wastes (i.e., less than 220 pounds per month) discharged from businesses.

19X-ray developers and fixers may contain reclaimable silver, glutaldehyde, hydroquinone, phenedone, potassium bromide, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, thiosulfates, and potassium alum.

20This table lists potential ground-water contaminants from many common industries, but it does not address all industries.


Contaminants of Concern

Organic Contaminants Regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act
             Regulated Organics: MCL
     CAS#    VOCs                       ug/L   Trade Name, synonym, etc.          Use  
          
   75-35-4   1,1-Dichloroethylene       7      Vinylidene chloride (VC)           making of "saran", adhesives, synthetic fibers
   71-55-6   1,1,1-Trichloroethane      200    Methyl chloroform                  metal degreasing, pesticides
   79-00-5   1,1,2-Trichloroethane      5      Vinyl trichloride                  solvent for fats, waxes, alkaloids, resins
  107-06-2   1,2-Dichloroethane         5      Ethylene dichloride, EDC           solvent, fumigant, Pb antiknock in gas
   78-87-5   1,2-Dichloropropane        5      Propylene dichloride               solvent, Pb antiknock, metal degreasing
  120-82-1   1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene     9      Trichlorobenzene                   termite control
   71-43-2   Benzene                    5      Benzol                             component of gas, degreaser, solvent
   56-23-5   Carbon tetrachloride       5      Tetrachloromethane                 refrigerant, fumigant, solvent, extinguishers
  156-23-5   cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene   70     Acetylene dichloride, Dioform      solvent, retarding fermentation
   75-09-2   Dichloromethane            5      Methylene chloride                 paint remover, solvent/degreasing, aerosol
  100-41-4   Ethylbenzene               700    phenylethane                       resin solvent, intermediate in mfg. of styrene
  108-90-7   Monochlorobenzene          100    Chlorobenzene, phenyl chloride     solvent, heat transfer, phenol
   95-50-1   o-Dichlorobenzene          600    1,2-dichlorobenzene                solvent, pesticide
  106-46-7   para-Dichlorobenzene       75     Paracide, PDB                      insecticidal fumigant, moth repellent
  100-42-5   Styrene                    100    Polysytrene                        packaging, insulator (foam)
  127-18-4   Tetrachloroethylene        5      PCE, tetrachloroethene             dry cleaning, solvent, heat transfer
  108-88-3   Toluene                    1000   methyl benzene, phenyl methane     gas add've, solvent, mfg. chemcials/explosives
  156-60-5   trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 100    Acetylene dichloride, Dioform      solvent, retarding  fermentation
   79-01-6   Trichloroethylene          5      TCE, trilene, trichloroethene      degreasing, solvent, dry cleaning, fumigant
   75-01-4   Vinyl chloride             2      Chloroethylene                     plastics industry, refrigerant
 1330-20-7   Xylenes (total)            10000  Dimethylbenzene                    used in gas, solvents, pesticides

             Regulated Organics:
     CAS #   SOCs                       ug/L   Trade name, synonym, etc.          Use

 1746-01-6   2,3,7,8-TCDD               3E-05  Dioxin                             Defoliant
   94-75-7   2,4-D                      70     Hedonal, Trinoxol                  herbicide
   93-72-1   2,4,5-TP                   50     2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy             acetic acid herbicide, defoliant, plant hormone
15972-60-8   Alachlor                   2      Lasso, Alanex, metachlor           herbicide for corn, beans, soybeans, peanuts
 1912-24-9   Atrazine                   3      AAtrex, Primatol A, Bicep          herbicide for corn, sorghum, other crops
   50-32-8   Benzo(a)pyrene             0.2    Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon   product of incomplete combustion
 1563-66-2   Carbofuran                 40     Furadan                            insecticide, nematicide, miticide for crops
   57-74-9   Chlordane                  2      Velsicol 1068, Belt, Chlor Kill    insecticide, fumigant (termites)
   75-99-0   Dalapon                    200    Dowpon, Radapon, Basafapon         herbicide for grasses, cattails, rushes
   96-12-8   Dibromochloropropane       0.2    DBCP, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane  nematocide, soil fumigant, pesticide
   88-85-7   Dinoseb                    7      DNBP, Basanite, Caldon             herbicide, insecticide, miticide, fungicide
   85-00-7   Diquat                     20     Dextrone, Actor, Reglone           herbicide/potato vines, seed crops, sugar cane
  103-23-1   Di(ethylhexyl)adipate      500    DEHA, Adipates                     plasticizer - syn. rubber, food pkg, cosmetics
  117-81-7   Di(ethylhexyl)phthalate    4      DEHP, Phthalates                   plasticizer for PVC resins
  145-73-3   Endothall                  100    Aquathol, Hydout                   herbicide/sugar beets, turf, hops, alfalfa, clover
   72-20-8   Endrin                     2      Hexadrin                           insecticide
  106-93-4   Ethylene dibromide         0.05   EDB                                fumigant, insecticide, solvent, antiknock for gas
 1071-53-6   Glyphosate                 70     Roundup, Rodeo, Kleenup, Shackle   non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide
   76-44-8   Heptachlor                 0.4    Velsicol-104, Drinox               termite control
 1024-57-3   Heptachlor epoxide         0.2    (unknown)                          degradation/oxidation product of heptachlor
  118-74-1   Hexachlorobenzene          1      Perchlorobenzene                   waste - CL2 reactions, wood preserv., fungicide
   77-47-4   Hexachlorocyclopentadiene  50     HEX, Perchlorocyclopentadiene      pesiticides, flame retardant, fungicide
   58-89-9   Lindane                    0.2    gamma hexachlor, Lindafor          insecticide for tobacco, fruit/nut trees, vegetables
   72-43-5   Methoxychlor               40     Methoxy-DDT, Marlate               insecticide for trees, gardens, cattle, farm buildings
23135-22-0   Oxamyl                     200    Vydate, Thioxamyl                  insecticide/nematocide for crops, fruits, vegetables
   87-86-5   Pentachlorophenol          200    PCP, Penta                         wood preserv for fungus/termite/beetle, molluscicide
 1918-02-1   Picloram                   500    Tordon, Pinene                     herbicide for weeds/woody plants, brush control
 1336-36-3   Polychlorinated biphenyl's 0.5    PCB's, Aroclor                     in electrical transformers & capacitors
  122-34-9   Simazine                   1      Primatol S, Princep, Simanex       herbicide for grasses/weeds in many crops
 8001-35-2   Toxaphene                  3      Chlorinated camphene               insecticide

                    ORGANICS REGULATED BY TREATMENT TECHNIQUE - NO MCL

     CAS #   SOCs                       ug/L   Trade name, synonym, etc.          Use

   79-06-1   Acrylamide                 *      Propenamide                        flocculant for WTPs
  106-89-8   Epichlorohydrin            *      Chloromethyloxirane                flocculant for WTPs, epoxy & phenoxy resins

MCL REGULATED INORGANICS (ug/L) Contaminant Type Antimony 6 Chronic Arsenic 50 Chronic Barium 2000 Chronic Beryllium 4 Fluoride 4 Chronic Cadmium 5 Chronic Chromium 100 Chronic Cyanide 200 Chronic Mercury 2 Chronic Nickel 100 Chronic Selenium 50 Chronic Thallium 2 Chronic Asbestos 7 million fibers per liter Chronic Nitrate 10,000 Acute Nitrite 1,000 Acute Nitrate+Nitrite 10,000 Acute Fluoride 4,000 Chronic Sulfate Not Regulated Chronic
OTHER PARAMETERS Contaminant Type MCL or Action Level Gross Alpha Activity Chronic 15 pCi/l Radium 226 + Radium 228 Chronic 5 pCi/l Trihalomethanes Chronic 100 ug/l Turbidity Chronic 95% of all turbidity measurements <= 0.5 NTU w/ no levels > 5 NTU Lead Chronic 90% of tap samples to have 15 ug/l or less of lead Copper Chronic 90% of tap samples to have 1.3 mg/l or less of copper Total Coliform Acute Systems w/ 39 or fewer samples per month-If more than one sample is positive, the system is out of compliance. Systems w/ 40 or more samples per month-If more than 5% of the samples are positive, the system is out of compliance. Fecal Coliform Acute Any repeat sample positive for fecal coliform OR any routine sample positive for fecal coliform that is followed by a positive repeat sample. Giardia lambia Acute Regulated by treatment technique by Surface Water Treatment Rule Viruses Acute Regulated by treatment technique by Surface Water Treatment Rule Legionella sp. Acute Regulated by treatment technique by Surface Water Treatment Rule Heterotrophic Bacteria Acute Regulated by treatment technique by Surface Water Treatment Rule Cryptosporidium parvum Acute Proposed Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule

Chapters
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
Glossary | Acronyms
Appendices
A | B | C | D
Wyoming's Source Water Assessment Guidance Document Contents